Health insurance & UHC country by country
Understand each African country's health insurance scheme and what a sovereign digital platform can bring to UHC delivery.
Côte d'Ivoire
Côte d'Ivoire has been rolling out Universal Health Coverage (CMU) through CNAM since 2019. The priority is enrolling the informal sector (≈ 70% of the active workforce) and digitalising claims.
Senegal
Senegal runs UHC through the CMU Agency and a dense network of community-based mutuelles. The 2024–2028 CMU roadmap focuses on digitalisation and interoperability.
Cameroon
Cameroon launched UHC phase 1 in April 2023, targeting dialysis, malaria and maternal care. National scale-up requires a robust digital backbone.
Democratic Republic of the Congo
DRC passed its UHC law in 2022 and is setting up CNSS-CSU. The challenge: covering 2.3 million km² with fragmented connectivity.
Gabon
Gabon has run CNAMGS since 2007, one of Central Africa's most mature systems. Today's focus is tech modernisation and cost control.
Togo
Togo launched Universal Health Insurance (AMU) in January 2024, extending INAM coverage to the whole population including the informal sector.
Benin
Benin is rolling out ARCH (Human Capital Reinforcement Insurance), whose health insurance pillar prioritises poor and extreme-poor households.
Burkina Faso
Burkina Faso established the Universal Health Insurance Fund (CNAMU) in 2018. Operational rollout remains the priority amid a complex security context.
Mali
Mali has Compulsory Health Insurance (AMO) run by CANAM and RAMED for indigents. Expanded universal health insurance is being established.
Rwanda
Rwanda has one of Africa's highest coverage rates (>90%) through Mutuelle de Santé / RSSB. The focus is now on quality, interoperability and cost control.
Morocco
Morocco is generalising AMO to the whole population by 2025 through CNSS (employees) and an extension to self-employed, liberal professions and former RAMED beneficiaries.
Tunisia
Tunisia has run CNAM since 2004 with three streams (public, private, reimbursement). IS modernisation and extension to vulnerable groups are priorities.
Kenya
Kenya replaced NHIF with the Social Health Authority (SHA) in October 2024, with three funds (Primary Healthcare, Social Health Insurance, Emergency & Chronic Illness) to accelerate UHC.
Ethiopia
Ethiopia is scaling Community-Based Health Insurance (CBHI) nationally and preparing Social Health Insurance for the formal sector, led by the Ethiopian Health Insurance Service.
Uganda
Uganda is finalising the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) Bill to establish mandatory health insurance, leveraging existing community mutuelles.
Burundi
Burundi is rolling out the Health Insurance Card (CAM) and the Civil-Servant Mutual scheme, with a UHC goal driven by the National Health Development Plan.
Tanzania
Tanzania passed the Universal Health Insurance Act in 2023 and is progressively merging NHIF and iCHF into a single scheme covering the entire population.
Madagascar
Madagascar established the National Health Solidarity Fund (CNSS-S) in 2022 and is starting UHC operational rollout in a highly rural setting.
Guinea (Conakry)
Guinea passed the Universal Health Insurance (AMU) law in 2023 through the National Health Insurance Agency (ANAM), with a phased start by population category.
Nigeria
Nigeria enacted the National Health Insurance Authority Act (NHIA) in 2022, making health insurance mandatory for all Nigerians, with implementation by NHIA and the State Health Insurance Agencies.
Equatorial Guinea
Equatorial Guinea is building its social health protection scheme around INSESO, aiming to extend coverage beyond formal-sector employees.
The Gambia
The Gambia passed the National Health Insurance Bill in 2021, establishing a National Health Insurance Scheme, and is launching nationwide UHC operations.
Sierra Leone
Sierra Leone is operationalising the Sierra Leone Social Health Insurance Scheme (SLeSHI) and articulating insurance with the Free Healthcare Initiative (FHCI) for mother and child.
Angola
Angola is rolling out the Sistema Nacional de Saúde and progressively shaping a health insurance scheme articulated with INSS, as part of the National Health Development Plan.